G.R. No. 206863

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• there are two TCTs covering the subject property

• history of the disputed five-hectare land dates all the way back to the year 1914.

• on September 9, 1914, Prudencio Soloza (Prudencio) applied for a homestead patent over a 15-hectare lot

• Modesta Fabro (Modesta) opposed the application and claimed ownership over the 15-hectare lot, stating that she and her husband, Juan Quidlat (Juan) have cultivated and occupied the same land since 1904.

• the Bureau of Lands approved P1udencio's application and granted in his name Homestead Patent

• On April 21, 1925, Original Certificate of Title No. (OCT) 217 over the said 15-hectare lot was issued in Prudencio's name. Prudencio later died in 1941.8 Modesta and Juan also died sometime around the same year.

• A civil case for recovery of possession (recovery of possession case) was thereafter instituted over the 15-hectare lot by Prudencio's heirs against siblings Geronima Quidlat and Martina Quidlat (Quidlat siblings), Modesta and Juan's heirs

• Court of First Instance (CFI) of Lanao decided in favor of Prudencio's heirs,

• on October 8, 1948, OCT 21 was ordered reconstituted and OCT RP-62(21)11 was issued in its stead, also in Prudencio's name.

• the CA issued a judgment12 (1954 CA Decision) finding no merit in the Quidlat siblings' appeal of the CFI's decision on the recovery of possession case

• at around the same time, a cadastral case was commenced for the titling of several real properties in Sta. Filomena, Iligan City (cadastral case), which was docketed in the Regional Trial Court (RTC)

• Among these several properties involved in the cadastral case was Lot No. 1936 spanning 8.1 hectares, which is found within the 15-hectare lot under OCT RP-62(21)

• Prudencio's reconstituted OCT RP-62(21) over the 15-hectare lot was cancelled and TCT T-31 (a.f.)17 was issued in Pedro's name

• , Pedro sold the 15-hectare lot to Andres Achacoso (Achacoso )

• chacoso sold the said lot to Lorenzo Lagandaon (Lagandaon),

• agandaon sold a five-hectare portion of the I 5-hectare lot (subject property) to Dionisio Ong

• The latter, on the same day, sold this five-hectare subject property to Ponce.

• Ponce's tenant, Crispulo Arela (Crispulo), had allegedly been tilling the subject property since 1977. Evangeline Erio (Evangeline) succeeded her father, Crispulo, in tilling the subject property.

• the Quidlat siblings sold Lot No. 1936 to the spouses Richard and Norma Lim

• They were issued OCT 0-1,164 (a.f.)24 over the 8.1-hectare land on July 21, 1994.