CS402 (2020.B.01): The Reference Models

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• A packet usually contains information about its origin and its destination

• e bit rate of the physical layer is always expressed in bits per second

• The unit of information exchanged between two entities in the Datalink layer is a frame. A frame is a finite sequence of bits. Some Datalink layers use variable-length frames while others only use fixed-length frames.

• Two communicating devices are linked through a physical medium.

• This is the task of the network layer. The network layer is built above the Datalink layer. Network layer entities exchange packets.

• Transport layer entities exchange segments. A segment is a finite sequence of bytes that are transported inside one or more packets

• We will use Application Data Unit (ADU)

• The most widely used transport layers on the Internet are TCP ,that provides a reliable connection-oriented bytestream transport service, and UDP