Hierarchical Task Analysis Reimagined as a Planning Tool for Surgery During Exploration Space Flight - miller-et-al-2021-hierarchical-task-analysis-reimagined-as-a-planning-tool-for-surgery-during-exploration-space-flight.pdf

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• The most useful key finding is that is it possible to do a comprehensive multi-performer HTA for a laproscopic appendectomy (and by extension many other medical procedures) that can be replicated by performers with basic knowledge

• This project was designed to create and evaluate the efficacy of visual/audio presentation in providing just-in- time and/or refresher training of surgical tasks for non- surgeons, and to consider the impact of non-surgeons performing a procedure during exploration space flight

• acceptance that some of our current work may be discarded and replaced with newer findings as we get closer to launch. Therefore, documenting the process takes on added significance

• . Hierar- chical Task Analysis (HTA) was used as the conceptual framework for data collection and analysis

• This useful process now has four major variations; Hierar- chical, Cognitive, GOMS (goals, operators, methods, and selection rules), and Ecological

• cognitive task analysis is the most common model because learners already have basic knowledge of simple tasks and learning is focused on complex actions and decision-making

• ince this job aid will be designed for non-surgeons, we selected hierarchical task analysis because the sequence of actions is well established (although in need of revision and expansion

• job aid rather than a traditional ed- ucational module.

• a job aid is a precise guide to a complex task or set of actions that may only be accomplished once

• (1) the specific version of the procedure best suited for replication by a non-surgeon and team;

• (2) the necessary supplies and equipment, and which of those needed modification for use in microgravity or reduced gravity

• (3) how to capture the actions, supplies, and equipment needed in the sur- geon’s role and the assistant’s role; and finally

• (4) how to clearly indicate which items of supply and equipment (including pharmaceuticals) needed additional research into their feasibility for exploration space flight

• The objective of this study was to design a multi-performer hierarchical task analysis to support the future development of a job aid so a team of non-surgeons could perform a lapa- roscopic appendectomy on an otherwise healthy patient in the extreme conditions of exploration space flight.

• The three phases of this study were (1) task analysis design, (2) content development, and (3) content vali- dation.

• Secondary findings are identifying steps in this pro- cedure that need further research, which are generalizable skills (i.e., skills that have multiple applications); and finally, identifying which items of supply and equipment are multipurpose.

• Our study showed that a hierarchical task analysis could be expanded to include up to three performers as they work individually, in tandem, or as a team as needed