Understanding the role of H2O2 during pea seed germination: a combined proteomic and hormone profiling approach

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• They were imbibed in H2O or 20 mm H2O2 for 24 h, washed twice with H2O and placed in Petri dishes with two layers of filter paper moistened with H2O.

• Protein carbonylation is considered as a potent biomarker of oxidative stress, which can play regulatory roles, such as seed dormancy alleviation (El-Maarouf Bouteau et al. 2007) and salt-stress tolerance in leaves (Tanou et al. 2009).

• 20 mm H2O2

• oxidative features such as protein carbonylation, endogenous H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels

• H2O2 treatment of the pea seeds increased their endogenous H2O2 content and caused carbonylation of storage proteins and of several metabolic enzymes

• expression of one of them, PsMAPK2, largely increased upon pea seed imbibition in H2O2, whereas no change could be observed in expression of the other, PsMAPK3

• levels of several phytohormones such as 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and zeatin appeared to correlate with the measured oxidative indicators and with the expression of PsMAPK2.