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During cell division, DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes
science of genetics is the study of heredity: the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to their biological offspring.
After fertilization has taken place, the baby-to-be now possesses a genetic makeup that influences everything from physical traits, like height, weight, and eye color to psychological traits, like intellect and personality.
before being transmitted to the offspring cells
23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the ovum form 23 pairs.
Twenty-two of these pairs are autosomes ,
chromosomes not related to sexual expression
23rd pair is sex chromosomes —one from the father and one from the mother—which determine the baby’s sex.
Sex chromosomes are either X chromosomes or Y chromosomes.
female
(XX),
males
(XY).
Gregor Mendel
determined the founding principles for our understanding of patterns of inheritance and heritable traits.
ea plants
meant that a hereditary characteristic (in this case, the color green) can be carried by an organism that does not express, or show it.
Genes that produce alternative expressions of a characteristic,
alleles
color of eyes,
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