Optimistic vs. Pessimistic locking
stackoverflow.com/questions/129329/optimistic-vs-pessimistic-locking
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Most web applications are fine with dirty reads - on the rare occasion the data doesn't exactly tally the next reload does.
Optimistic Locking is a strategy where you read a record, take note of a version number (other methods to do this involve dates, timestamps or checksums/hashes) and check that the version hasn't changed before you write the record back.
For exact data operations (like in many financial transactions) use pessimistic. It's essential that the data is accurately read, with no un-shown changes - the extra locking overhead is worth it.
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