1. Introduction to Constitutional Fundamentals

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• There are, of course, written documents called Constitutions—with a capital ‘C’—but they are never, ever coextensive with all of a country’s most important rules regulating the relations between different parts of government and those between the government and the people.

• There are differences between a country’s written constitution and how the constitutional arrangements operate in practice.

• A constitution is not the act of a government, but of a people constituting a government; and government without a constitution, is power without a right.

• All power exercised over a nation, must have some beginning. It must either be delegated or assumed. There are no other sources. All delegated power is trust, and all assumed power is usurpation.