Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

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• respiratory paralysis, central nervous system depression, and cardiac arrest.

• if deep tendon reflexes are present, magnesium levels are rarely toxic.

• placental angiogenic proteins, which negatively affect maternal endothelial function

• Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension and either proteinuria or thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, or cerebral or visual symptoms. Proteinuria is not essential for the diagnosis and does not correlate with outcomes

• a doubling of the serum creatinine level or level greater than 1.1 mg per dL

• Preeclampsia with any severe feature requires immediate stabilization and inpatient treatment with magnesium sulfate, antihypertensive drugs, corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity if less than 34 weeks' gestation, and delivery plans.

• closely at home for 72 hours postpartum.

• multiorgan disease process characterized by hypertension and proteinuria or one of the following features

• Severe headache, visual disturbances, and hyperreflexia may signal impending eclamptic seizure

• ncreasing peripheral vascular resistance or myocardial dysfunction may lead to pulmonary edema. Decreased glomerular filtration rate may progress to oliguria and renal failure. Liver manifestations include elevated transaminase levels, subcapsular hemorrhage with right upper-quadrant pain, and capsular rupture with life-threatening intraabdominal bleeding

• twice-weekly BP monitoring,

• weekly laboratory tests

• Fetal umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonography is recommended if intrauterine growth restriction is present

• Immediate delivery between between 34 weeks and 36 weeks, six days is not recommended because of an increase risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

• hospitalization

• fluid management, seizure prevention, lowering BP t

• expediting delivery

• intravascular volume depletion and end-organ ischemia

• above 30 mL per hour, and a Foley catheter should be used to monitor urine output if MgSO4 is administered