Women and Men in India 2022: Sex ratio improves but female participation in workforce still low

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• India’s sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) is expected to improve to 952 by 2036, up significantly from 943 in 2011, according to the Women and Men in India 2022 report released March 16, 2023.

• sex ratio at birth went up by three points to 907 in 2018-20 from 904 in 2017-19,

• women are still largely left out of the labour force, restricting their scope of financial independence.

• India’s Labour Force Participation Rate

• rate was 77.2 for males and 32.8 for females in 2021-22, with no improvement in this disparity over the years,

• Such a low participation of women as compared to men in India’s labour force may be due to the social factors, educational qualifications and gender discrimination in terms of wages and opportunities at work place

• population growth, already on a downward trend from 2.2 per cent in 1971 to 1.1 per cent in 2021, is projected to fall further to 0.58 per cent in 2036.

• population under 15 years of age is expected to decline and the population above 60 years is expected to increase by 2036