Diabetes - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

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• Diabetes mellitus is taken from the Greek word diabetes, meaning siphon - to pass through

• Latin word mellitus meaning sweet.

• Ancient Greek, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations discovered the sweet nature of urine in this condition,

• Unfortunately, even today, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the country and worldwide. In the US, it remains as the seventh leading cause of death.

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease, involving inappropriately elevated blood glucose levels

• The main subtypes of DM are Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

• T1DM presents in children or adolescents,

• T2DM is thought to affect middle-aged and older adults

• The pathogenesis for T1DM and T2DM is drastically different, and therefore each type has various etiologies, presentations, and treatments.

• There is clear evidence suggesting that T2DM is has a stronger hereditary profile as compared to T1DM.

• A patient with DM has the potential for hyperglycemia

• maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and steroid-induced diabetes

• secondary to an autoimmune process

• destruction of beta cells in the pancreas

• insulin is absent