Beyond MicroRNAs: Emerging Role of Other Non-Coding RNAs in HPV-Driven Cancers

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• different miRNAs expression in HPV-positive tumor cells compared to the negative counterpart

• the early (E) region coding proteins regulating viral transcription (E2), viral DNA replication (E1, E2), cell proliferation (E5, E6, E7), and viral particle release (E4), and the late (L) region which encodes the structural proteins (L1 and L2). E5, E6, and E7 are viral oncogenes; several studies on mucosal HR HPVs have established that E6 and E7

• Feng et al. reported high levels of PIWIL2 in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in CSCC, whereas in healthy tissue and low-grade CIN PIWIL2 was weakly expressed [85]. Additional

• gesting GATA6-AS might play a role in CSCC through an HPV-independent pathway [128]. The study of Wang et al., that was already discussed above, reported 19 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between HPV-p

• HPV infection could stimulate estrogen receptor α to increase lnc-IL17RA-11 expression in order to upregulate the activity of genes involved in processes that enhance sensitivity to radiation therapy

• chematic diagram of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) E6/E7 oncoproteins affecting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression in cervical squamo

• MEG3 methylation had high power to discriminate high-grade CIN patients f